2020年考研英语一翻译真题如下：
In the 19th century, most of the world's countries were governed by monarchs, who were often absolute rulers. They had the power to make and enforce laws, and to control the military and the economy. Monarchs were usually seen as the embodiment of the state, and their rule was considered to be divinely ordained.
However, in the 19th century, there was a growing movement to limit the power of monarchs and to establish representative governments. This movement was driven by a number of factors, including the Industrial Revolution, the spread of Enlightenment ideas, and the rise of nationalism.
The Industrial Revolution led to a growing middle class, which was interested in participating in government. The Enlightenment ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity also influenced the movement to limit the power of monarchs. Finally, the rise of nationalism led to a desire for self-government.
In response to these pressures, many monarchs began to grant more power to their legislatures and to establish constitutional governments. In some cases, they even abdicated their thrones in favor of a republic. By the end of the 19th century, most of the world's countries had become republics or constitutional monarchies.
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