考研英语短语详解如下：
1. break down：分解，崩溃，失败。例句：The project broke down due to lack of funding.
2. carry off：成功完成，夺走。例句：She carried off the prize for best actress.
3. cut across：横穿，抄近路。例句：He cut across the park to save time.
4. do away with：废除，去掉。例句：The government plans to do away with the old system.
5. get along：相处融洽，进展顺利。例句：They get along well with each other.
6. hold back：阻止，抑制。例句：He held back his tears.
7. let off：释放，放过。例句：The police let off the driver for a first-time offense.
8. look after：照顾，照料。例句：She looks after her elderly parents.
9. make up for：补偿，弥补。例句：He made up for his mistakes by working extra hard.
10. pass off：发生，进行。例句：The wedding passed off smoothly.
11. run out of：用完，耗尽。例句：I ran out of money.
12. set aside：留出，储存。例句：He set aside some money for his retirement.
13. take over：接管，接任。例句：She took over the company from her father.
14. turn down：拒绝，关小。例句：He turned down the job offer.
15. work out：解决，计算出。例句：They worked out a plan to solve the problem.
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